Electrode materials are materials that are used to create electrodes in various energy storage and conversion devices, such as batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. These materials are essential components that facilitate the transfer of electrons between the electrode and the electrolyte in these devices. Electrode materials can greatly influence the performance and efficiency of energy storage and conversion devices. They need to possess high electrical conductivity, good electrochemical stability, high surface area, and good mechanical strength. Common electrode materials include metals (such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel), metal oxides (such as manganese dioxide and titanium dioxide), carbon-based materials (such as graphite and carbon nanotubes), and conducting polymers. Research in electrode materials focuses on developing new materials with improved properties, enhancing the performance and durability of existing materials, and optimizing the design and fabrication processes to increase the efficiency of energy storage and conversion devices. This research area is crucial for the advancement of renewable energy technologies and the transition towards a more sustainable energy future.